CD4 and HIV infectious disease: This can even be recognized by the following characteristics: (1) clinical symptoms of leprosy and/or leprosy reaction starting within 6 months of antiretroviral therapy; (2) advanced HIV infection; (3) CD4+ cell counts <200 cells/mm3 before initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy; and (4) increased CD4+ cells in the peripheral blood after highly active antiretroviral therapy [6].