The current state-of-the-art literature cited elsewhere focus on several dimensions of TAF-mediated cues in tumor invasion, progression, angiogenesis and metastasis.49, 50 The stroma and the invasive front of a tumor are usually occupied by clad of TAFs in different types of cancers such as lung, prostrate, breast, pancreas and colon.49 In particular, TAF-mediated conspiracy of driving angiogenesis under VEGF blockade is considered as a prominent cause of anti-VEGF tumor refractoriness (reviewed in Crawford and Ferrara,9 Ferrara21 and Öhlund et al.51). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is neoplasm.