The ability for us to identify key HA (small vs. large HA)/CD44-mediated Rho/Rac signaling mechanism(s) by acute or chronic UVR in the regulation of keratincocyte functions will provide valuble insights regarding the possible HA/CD44 involvement of acute or chronic UVR-induced changes in influencing abnormal keratinocyte function, epidermal dysfunction, and tumor formation/SCC progression. Here, AKT1 is linked to neoplasm.