Despite promising phase II trial data (64, 65), phase III trials examining the combination of figitumumab with cytotoxic chemotherapy or the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor erlotinib for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were terminated early due to the drug’s failure to improve overall survival (OS) and problems with toxicity (6, 7). This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma.