APOE and Alzheimer disease: Several mechanisms have been proposed for the role of ApoE ε4 in the pathology of AD including regulation of the deposition and clearance of Aβ and amyloid plaques, regulation of phosphorylation and assembly of tau into NFTs, dysfunction of the neuronal signaling pathways, induction of Aβ-regulated lysosomal leakage, increased atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation in AD, and apoptosis in neurons (105, 112).