For the putamen, One-Way ANCOVAs revealed effect of alcoholism on PDYN mRNA [F(1, 35) = 7.3, p = 0.011], Dyn A [F(1, 39) = 5.3, p = 0.027] and LER [F(1,40) = 10.3, p = 0.003]. This evidence concerns the gene PDYN and alcohol dependence.