FH and substance abuse: To date, however, only one study has used MRS to identify neurochemical correlates of risk for substance abuse in a FH+ population (Moss et al., 1997), in which phosphorous (31P) MRS was applied to study peripubertal FH+ adolescents and a low-risk FH− comparison group, demonstrating lower parietal phosphodiester concentrations in the high-risk adolescents who also presented with behavior disorders.