In several, but not all, studies [64, 65], dietary fibre, cereal fibre and whole grains have been associated with lower concentrations of inflammatory markers [66–69], serum uric acid [70] and γ-glutamyltransferase [67, 71], markers that have been associated with increased risk of diabetes [72–74] and higher concentrations of adiponectin [75–77], an adipocyte-secreted cytokine that increases insulin sensitivity and may reduce risk of diabetes [78]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.