Angiogenesis markers Vegfa, Flt1 (VEGFR-1), Kdr (Vegfr-2) Flt4 (Vegfr3); and Pgf were significantly increased in the PCS group, compared to the S group P = 0.015; P = 0.003, P = 0.015; P = 0.003, and P = 0.015 respectively, whereas only Flt4 was increased in the PVL group (P = 0.042). The gene discussed is PGF; the disease is periventricular leukomalacia.