Consistent with the effects observed in organotypic cultures, treatment of GBM neurospheres, which are known to be enriched in cancer stem cells [28], with BafA1 decreased nestin protein (Figure 8A) and mRNA levels (Figure 8B), as well as expression of stem cell-associated factors CD133, SOX2, SALL2 and POU3F2 to different degrees (Figure 8C, 8D), while V-ATPase G1 mRNA and protein levels remained substantially unchanged (Figure 8D). Here, NES is linked to cancer.