IGF2 and hepatocellular carcinoma: IGF2 binds to the receptor tyrosine kinases IGF1R (ENSG00000140443) and IGF2R (ENSG00000197081) on HCC cells and activates multiple intracellular signaling pathways, including the phosphatidylinositide-3′-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and MAP kinase signaling cascades [40].