CTLA4 and neoplasm: Inhibitors of immune check-points such as ipilimumab (Yervoy, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New York) (antibody against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 [CTLA-4]), or anti PD-1 (antibody against programmed death 1 protein)13,14 and anti-PD-1 ligand15 administered as mono-therapy demonstrated significant tumor reduction and extension of survival of melanoma patients.