CCL4 and infection: In our in vitro granuloma model, at 24 h post-infection with M. tuberculosis H37Ra, we observed significant induction of a number of proinflammatory immune signaling pathways dependent on chemokines, including XCL1(3.7), XCL2(5.1), CCL2(8.3), CCL4(10.0), CCL5(5.7), CCL7(5.6), CCL8(11.1), CCL18(10.3), CCL19(2.15), CCL20(8.9), CXCL1(2.1), CXCL2(8.3), CXCL5(11.6), CXCL10(7.7), and chemokine receptors CCR2(3.8), and CXCR4(7.1).