TGFBR1 and neoplasm: To determine whether or not targeting survivin in HNSCC tumorigenesis can block or delay the occurrence of HNSCC, we performed a chemopreventive study on Tgfbr1/Pten 2cKO mice with a 100% rate of developing spontaneous HNSCC after 4 weeks of induction with considerably high survivin expression.25 The induction of HNSCC tumor onset in Tgfbr1/Pten 2cKO mice has been previously described.25Figure 4a shows the induction and drug administration strategies.