This pattern of response was also recently observed in a study by Brink et al 20, in which antibodies against arginine‐containing peptides (including REP‐1, vimentin [aa 60–75], and fibrinogen β‐chain [aa 36–52]) from RA autoantigens were observed before the development of citrulline‐specific ACPAs in serum samples obtained from patients with RA years before symptoms of RA developed. The gene discussed is VIM; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.