INS and infection: Glucose levels are a sensitive, albeit very unspecific, parameter to screen for adverse drug reactions: Hypoglycemia might result from sepsis, disturbances of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis resulting in reduced glucocorticoid production or disturbed insulin production (or IGF-2 production); hyperglycemia may result from pituitary, adrenal, or pancreatic dysfunction or could indicate ischemic disease or infections.