The major DMD-associated complication is muscle fibrosis, characterized by increases in ECM constituents, especially collagen type I and collagen triple-helix repeat containing 1 (Cthrc1) that is involved in collagen turnover in skeletal and cardiac muscles – increases that enhance the progressive loss of muscle and its ability to function [32, 33]. This evidence concerns the gene CTHRC1 and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.