By contrast, subjects with asthma and healthy controls had similar mean concentrations of such other cytokines as IL-3, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12 (p40), IL-12 (p70), IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-18, IFN-γ, IFN-α2, CXCL10, CCL2, CCL3, PDGF-bb, VEGF, CCL27, HGF, LIF, CCL7, M-CSF, MIF, NGF-β, SCF, SCGF-β, SDF-1α and TNF-β (Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene LIF and asthma.