Furthermore, subjects with asthma had 2.3-fold higher IL-1RA (p<0.001), 2.0-fold higher IL-1α (p<0.05), 2.5-fold higher IL-1β (p<0.01), 1.3-fold higher IL-2Rα (p<0.05), 1.7-fold higher IL-5 (p<0.05), 3.2-fold higher IL-6 (p<0.001), 1.4-fold higher IL-7 (p<0.05), 1.7-fold higher IL-8 (p<0.001), 2.2-fold higher G-CSF (p<0.05), 1.7-fold higher CXCL1 (p<0.05), 1.4-fold higher CCL4 (p<0.05), 1.7-fold higher CXCL9 (p<0.01), 2.0-fold higher CCL5 (p<0.01) and 1.9-fold higher TRAIL (p<0.05) concentrations in their BAL fluids (Fig 1B). Here, CCL5 is linked to asthma.