The effect of baseline IL-8 on GVL at month 12 could relate to untreated yeast and trichomonas infections or to cervicitis, promoting HIV genital shedding at month 12 [43–45], whilst the effect of MIP-1β could be due to HIV-induced secretion of antimicrobial substances by immune cells. The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is trichomoniasis.