Even though it is the most commonly used biomarker for diagnosis of prostate cancer, and PSA screening tests are reported to have a significant correlation with 20% reduction in cancer mortality, a PSA concentration above the frequently used diagnosis cutoff (3–4 ng/mL) does not necessarily mean cancer as the serum PSA assay lacks specificity, i.e., the capability of distinguishing prostate cancer from some non-malignant prostatic pathologies such as benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostatitis [4], with the drawback of requiring unnecessary painful biopsies because of the low specificity [5]. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia.