CAV1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: We investigated CAV1 and FLOT1 protein expression by Western blot in 23 pairs of normal-ccRCC specimens, and found CAV1 protein to be upregulated with an average 20.8 fold and FLOT1 with 1.47 fold in ccRCC compared to normal counterparts form the same patient (Figure 6A-6B).