CD4 and Kaposi's sarcoma: The authors demonstrated that 25(OH)D insufficiency was common and HIV-1 RNA was significantly higher in those with insufficient 25(OH)D; in contrast, tumor response, survival, and KS-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (defined as any progression of KS occurring ≤12 weeks after initiation of HAART) were generally associated with an increased CD4+ lymphocyte count of at least 50 cells/mL above the baseline value, before or at the time of documented KS progression, and were not associated with 25(OH)D status [91].