INS and gestational diabetes: Asemi et al. [44] assessed the effect of calcium and vitamin D cosupplementation on GDM in a randomised placebo-controlled study (56 Iranian women with GDM) and they observed a significant reduction in FPG, serum insulin levels, and HOMA-IR and increase in QUICKI compared with placebo, and also an increase in glutathione and a reduction in serum LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol and a significant elevation in HDL-cholesterol were common.