Patients with autosomal-dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (AD-HIES) are also at risk for IA (Vinh et al., 2010); however, the susceptibility of AD-HIES patients classically results from concurrent anatomical lung defects from previous bacterial infections and defective STAT3-dependent epithelial immunity (Holland et al., 2007). This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and Autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome.