Recently, it has been shown that conditional deletion of the RNAse III ribonuclease Dicer (involved in miRNAs maturation) from POMC-expressing cells results in obesity and diabetes which is associated with a neurodegenerescence of POMC neurons in the hypothalamus (Schneeberger et al., 2012; Greenman et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene POMC and diabetes mellitus.