PRL and lung carcinoma: Feng, et al.[19] reached a prediction rate of 87.3% for the detection of lung cancers in a test phase using an ANN model with the above six biomarkers and 19 additional parameters, such as risk factors, symptoms, smoking, chemical exposure, kitchen environment, etc. Another study reached 90% specificity for the detection of lung cancer in the training set, based on a three-biomarker panel comprised of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), prolactin (PRL), and thrombospondin (THSP)[12].