CD40LG and coinfection: Total IgM levels were reduced in co-infected animals relative to singly infected animals in P. yoelii XNL co-infection at day 23 post malaria infection (Mann Whitney-U test p<0.05) and at days 11 and 15 post malaria infection in P. chabaudi AS co-infection (both Mann Whitney-U test p<0.05) (Fig 1B and 1C).