TGFB1 and neoplasm: In relation to the first scenario, previous preclinical studies showed that SB-431542 does not completely block the growth inhibitory effect of TGF-β in normal epithelial cells, but efficiently inhibits TGF-β -induced proliferation of tumor cells, blocks autocrine TGF-β signaling, and inhibits TGF-β -induced EMT and invasiveness, suggesting there may be some selectivity for pro-oncogenic effects of TGF-β [20,47,48].