Other genes previously described to be differentially expressed in similar B cells from other contexts, but not detected in our microarray analysis, included LAIR1, CXCR4, and the genes encoding caspase-1 (CASP1) and caspase-9 (CASP9), which further distinguishes malaria-associated atMBCs with reports from HIV, SLE, and CVID [18,22,23,25,26,28]. Here, CASP1 is linked to common variable immunodeficiency.