Cilostazol has been used as a vasodilating antiplatelet drug as a potent cyclic nucleotide PDE3 inhibitor, leading to elevation of cAMP [18], but recent findings have revealed that it also improves insulin resistance [19] and decreases atherosclerosis via an anti-inflammatory activity [7], implying that increased cAMP may affect a variety of metabolic regulatory processes. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is atherosclerosis.