SIRT1 and Nephropathy: Sirtuin-1 (Sirt-1), a histone deacetylase, was found to be overexpressed in lupus-prone mice, MRL/lpr mice [86], and the down-regulation of Sirt-1 resulted in short-term enhanced H3 and H4 acetylation, with reduced levels of anti-dsDNA, glomerular IgG deposition and kidney damage [19].