In addition for being aberrantly expressed in various cancers, levels of the Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) are altered in all vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis, restenosis after angioplasty, cardiac hypertrophy, and hypertension (Dong and Chen, 2009). This evidence concerns the gene KLF5 and atherosclerosis.