In addition to enhanced antioxidant gene and enzyme expressions, this study also showed that garlic homogenate can increase the levels of phospho-PI3K and phospho-AKT, indicating that PI3K/AKT pathway plays a major role in cardiac hypertrophy and oxidative stress by activating Nrf2, which, in turn regulates the activation of antioxidant defense enzymes during cardiovascular complications (126). The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is cardiac hypertrophy.