Though it has previously been proposed that CNS DCs can arise from transformed microglia in vitro in which microglia up-regulate CD11c in the presence of GM-CSF [42], in our GBM model we did not observe up-regulation of CD11c in microglia or in the bone marrow-derived CD45hiCD11b+ population. The gene discussed is ITGAX; the disease is glioblastoma.