Our finding of increased monocyte infiltration as a result of Cx3cr1 loss in GBM shows similarity with recent data in myelorestoration, where the CX3CR1/CX3CL1 axis controls the release of Ly-6Chighmonocytes from marrow such that in Cx3cr1GFP/GFP mice, Ly-6C high monocytes accumulated less rapidly in the marrow but recovered faster in the blood, resulting in more accumulation into the spleen [38]. This evidence concerns the gene CX3CR1 and glioblastoma.