XBP1 and cancer: Diseases, such as multiple myeloma, a cancer of highly secretory plasma cells where the UPR is thought to play a major cytoprotective role (Carrasco et al., 2007; Leung-Hagesteijn et al., 2013), or triple-negative breast cancer, in which high XBP1 activity has been correlated with poor patient prognosis (Chen et al., 2014), have exposed the potential significance of targeting the UPR in cancers.