Expression of IL-1β in both tumor and peritumoral cortex was positively associated with the pre-operative seizure frequency (GG 0.855, p < 0.001; peritumoral ctx 0.579, p = 0.02) and the duration of epilepsy (GG 0.441, p = 0.02; peritumoral ctx 0.669, p = 0.006); Additional file 4: Figure S1D–F. Here, IL1B is linked to epilepsy.