The role of TGF-β signaling activation in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysms is ill-defined and controversial6, 7, 8.For example, inhibition of TGF-β signaling ameliorates Marfan syndrome (MFS)-associated aneurysms9; on the other hand, such inhibition of TGF-β signaling exacerbates angiotensin II infusion-induced AAAs10. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and aortic aneurysm.