FMO5 and heart failure: Previous studies show that angiotensin II (ANG II), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-R), proinflammatory cytokines (PICs), NAD(P)H oxidase, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) all appear to be potential targets for PVN interventions that might substantially reduce the adverse peripheral effects of sympathetic nerve activity and neurohumoral regulation in heart failure.