Slc1a1 and Slc1a3 knockout mice show retinal ganglion cell degeneration, altered brain glutamate homeostasis, and increased oxidative stress sensitivity [19], and Slc1a1 knockout mice exhibit brain atrophy and reduced neuronal levels of the antioxidant tripeptide (glutamate, cysteine, glycine) glutathione [20], consistent with a role for these transporters in glutathione synthesis. The gene discussed is SLC1A1; the disease is Brain atrophy.