Subsequent studies addressing the molecular mechanisms for CCR4 upregulation, found the transcription factor FRA-2 to be significantly upregulated in adult T cell lymphoma and to drive enhanced CCR4 expression and proliferation of both adult T cell lymphomas and cutaneous T cell lymphoma s (Nakayama et al., 2007, Nakayama et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene CCR4 and T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.