PTGS2 and pancreatic neoplasm: In pancreatic cancer, curcumin was found to downregulate Nuclear Factor kappa B (NFκB), cyclo-oxygenase 2(COX-2) and phosphorylation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT-3) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells [12], whilst a decrease in nitric oxide was observed in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients [17].