MSH2 and cancer: Furthermore, with the emergence of ALK as a molecular driver of a number of other cancer types, including non-small-cell lung cancer, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, breast cancer, retinoblastoma, colon carcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,53 we believe that detection of MSH2 phosphorylation at Y238 may be of great clinical and diagnostic significance.