ABL1 and cancer: There is accumulating evidence that cancers with oncogenic tyrosine kinases have dysfunctional DNA-damage responses directly related to kinase-driven aberrant downstream signaling processes.50, 51, 52 As another oncogenic tyrosine kinase, BCR-ABL, has been shown to inhibit MMR,31 and receptor tyrosine kinases have similar features in regard to activity and signal transduction, MMR dysfunction through MSH2 phosphorylation may be shared across multiple oncogenic tyrosine kinases.