In a cohort of 464 individuals, mean age of 79 years, MMSE was administered at baseline and after a follow-up period of 5 years: BNP was the only variable connected with decline of MMSE over time and it was associated with new diagnosis of dementia, defined according to DSM-IV criteria and to guidelines with an OR = 1.53 (95% CI 1.09–2.16, p = 0.013) [33]. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and dementia.