MAPK1 and glioma: Furthermore, PAK4 regulation of cell migration is dependent on the downstream pathway of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) in choriocarcinoma [15, 16], c-Src/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and MMP-2 in ovarian cancer [16], LIMK1/cofilin in prostate cancer [17], MMP-2 in glioma [19], and superior cervical ganglia 10 (SCG10) or LIMK1/cofilin in gastric cancer [20, 21].