OSB and MMC cell-cell adhesions have also been reported to be mediated via α4β1-VCAM-1 and/or homophilic N-CAM interactions.[21] However, an increasing number of studies have implicated the gaining of N-cadherin expression by solid tumors with an enhanced invasive potential and patient mortality.[24,26,27] Furthermore, Sadler, et al.,[23] recently showed, that inhibition of N-cadherin in MM cell lines cocultured with BM stromal cells or OSB played a critical role in regulating MM proliferation and viability. This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and Miyoshi myopathy.