Loew et al [78] reported that the co-existence of the 4G/5G polymorphism of the PAI-1 gene and the Ins/Del polymorphism of the ACE gene increases the risk for early onset of coronary heart disease, more espacially with the Del/Del polymorphism of ACE before the age of 55 years after controlling for sex, age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and school education. This evidence concerns the gene SERPINE1 and diabetes mellitus.