RB1 and urinary bladder cancer: RGD modification significantly increased the ability of adenovirus entering into CAR-deficient bladder cancer cells.30, 31, 32 hTERT promoter-driven oncolytic adenovirus increased clinical safety.33 Modifications can be made to improve the replication specificity of adenovirus through targeting Rb and p53 abnormalities which lead to poor outcome in bladder cancer patients.34 TRAIL-armed oncolytic adenovirus had excellent performance on stem-like esophageal cancer cells and plenty of other types of cancer.18, 21, 22