PPIG and chronic cystitis: Future studies may include (1) determining the effects of Tempol after the induction of CYP-induced cystitis, rather than as a pretreatment, on urinary bladder function; (2) determining if Tempol treatment can reduce somatic sensitivity in the CYP model of urinary bladder inflammation with referred, somatic hypersensitivity; (3) determining the effects of Tempol in a more chronic model of CYP-induced urinary bladder inflammation that we have used extensively [25, 26].