The percentage of carcinoma cells that were positive for the apoptotic marker active caspase-3 (AC3) was higher in Trf1Δ/ΔK-Ras+/G12Vp53−/− carcinomas compared to Trf1+/+K-Ras+/G12Vp53−/− carcinomas (Fig3C). Here, TERF1 is linked to carcinoma.