For further differentiation into hOPCs, spheres were cultured in GDM (DMEM/F12, N1, B27, MEM-nonessential amino acid, 60 ng/mL T3, 1 μM cAMP, 0.1 μg/mL biotin) supplemented with SHH, PDGF-AA, IGF1 and NT3 for 2 weeks and then dissociated by Accutase and continued to be feed with the same GDM without SHH (day 49). The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is gestational diabetes.